Fiscal and Monetary Policy - 946 Words

It is the role of the federal government therefore to keep inflation low as well as keeping unemployment rate down. Philips curve gives the probability of having both a low unemployment and inflation hence providing the stakeholders in the sector in the short run a tradeoff between unemployment and inflation (Mark Asmaa, 2012). Unemployment can be kept under control by the government while at the same time allowing inflation OR to keep controlling prices and not controlling unemployment. This compromise between the two is shown as a contra-relation between inflation and unemployment. In the long run, the government can only afford to play around with inflation while having zero control over unemployment. At this natural rate of unemployment the curve will be vertical. According to what we are given, the rate of inflation is at an acceptable level of 2 % while unemployment rate is exceptionally high. The only way to counter this is by reducing the tax rates and increasing the government expenditure on both services and goods which is an expansionary policy. The reason for this policy is to first raise the budget deficit. For consumption and spending not to drop the fed can choose to increase the money supply to keep it high. The common tools for expansionary monetary policy are the open market purchase of securities and lowering of the FED landing rate. Because of increased availability of money the aggregate supply will not keep up with rise in demand hence leading toShow MoreRelatedMonetary And Fiscal Policy : Monetary Policy1435 Words   |  6 PagesMonetary and fiscal policy Introduction Fiscal policy is defined as the power that the federal government poses that enables it to impose taxes and also spend to achieve its goals in the economy. On the other hand, the monetary policy is maintaining the programs that try to increase the nation’s level of business through regulation the supply of money and credit. Currently, one of the most important roles of the federal government is to regulate and also ensure that there is stability in the economyRead MoreFiscal Policy and Monetary Policy781 Words   |  3 PagesFiscal policy is the governments spending policies, which influences the conditions economy as a whole. With this policy, regulators can improve unemployment rates; stabilize business cycles, control inflation, and interest rates to control the economy. The government adjusts the spending and tax rates to influence the nation’s economy. The idea is to find the balance between public spending and changing tax rates, by increasing or lowering taxes m ay cause the risk of causing inflation to rise. IfRead MoreFiscal Policy And Monetary Policy1735 Words   |  7 Pageswhich is fiscal and monetary policy to find out a way to find the economic. It is macroeconomic policy that pursues to enlarge the money supply to boost economic growth or combat inflation. One of the form is fiscal policy of expansionary policy, which comes in the method of tax cuts, discounts and increased government spending. Expansionary policies do come from central banks, which focus on cumulative the money supply in the economy. Now let look at the break down of expansionary policy which dealRead MoreMonetary Policy And Fiscal Policy1178 Words   |  5 Pagescrisis. Monetary policy and fiscal policy are two tools by which government uses to guide the economy. Sometimes the economy is challenged with both inflation and unemployment at high rates. Macroeconomics breaks down the entire economy and the issues affecting it, including inflation, unemployment, econ omic growth, and monetary and fiscal policy. A country has to come up with good macroeconomic policies in order to better their economy. This paper will discuss the government s policies adopt toRead MoreFiscal and Monetary Policy610 Words   |  3 PagesFiscal and Monetary Policy Governments can use both fiscal and monetary policies to move the economy from a recessionary or expansionary gap. Fiscal policies include increased or decreased government spending, increased or decreased taxation; on the other hand monetary policies include increased or decreased money supply, changes in interest rate, etc. One of the tools of fiscal policy is government spending, the initial equilibrium is represented by the point E. With increased government spendingRead MoreFiscal Policy And Monetary Policy1753 Words   |  8 PagesThe government in times of economic recession has responsibility to take action, engaging in expansionary economic policies is the action my paper will discuss. The types of economic expansion include Fiscal Policy, and Monetary Policy, the expansion of the two policies allows the government to adjust taxes, and government spending. Harry Truman once quoted â€Å"It’s a recession when your neighbor loses his job: it’s a depression when you lose yours.† (The economy perspective, the banker s banker. (1998Read MoreFiscal and Monetary Policies893 Words   |  4 PagesFiscal and Monetary Policies Charles T. Sheridan Student ID: 4290575 ECON 102 American Military University Dr. John Theodore Economies everywhere in the world have fluctuations, there Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is either growing (economic boom) or it is not producing enough and falls into a recession. In a recession, an economy’s GDP suffers two consecutive quarters of negative growth. Personal consumption, government spending and the amount a country imports and exports measure GDPRead MoreMonetary Policy And Fiscal Policy850 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Government uses the monetary policy and fiscal policy to establish and determine the best way to manage the economy. Monetary policy is used by the Federal Reserve to manage the money supply. This includes credit, cash, check, and money market mutual funds, with loans, bonds, and mortgages being the most important. This policy can be broken into two categories: monetary restraint and monetary expansion. As it states, one is trying to restrain the market while the other expresses expandingRead MoreFiscal Policy And Monetary Policy862 Word s   |  4 PagesFiscal Policy vs Monetary Policy Fiscal policy is a way for the government to control the economy financially. The Federal Government sometimes partakes in actions to stimulate the economy. Fiscal Policy focuses on changing government spending, controlling inflation, encouraging economic growth, and to reach full employment. Monetary policy is a policy the Federal Reserve Board enforces which consists of changes in the money supply which influences the interest rates in the economy. This can helpRead MoreFiscal and Monetary Policy3460 Words   |  14 Pagesassistant manager for Skanska I have been asked by my manager to explain how fiscal and monetary policy decisions affect the business in which I work. To undertake this task I will provide explanation of the fiscal and monetary policies. I will also explain what interest rate is and what could be possible changes on it. Additionally, I will explain how both policies could make changes in employment level. Fiscal policy Economic climate is essential to be controlled within every single county because

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1611 Words

Samuel Schirmacher Mrs. Struzziero ELA 9 Honors 22 October 2015 Inequalities All humans hate being lonely. Some dread it more than others, but all humans, whether they are young or old, male or female, dislike being alone. People dread being alone because they cannot turn to someone for support or advice. In the novella, Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, the main characters George Milton and Lennie Small are migrant workers, meaning that they work on a ranch for a few months, get their paycheck, and leave to find new work. At the beginning of the novella, George and Lennie have come from Weed, a town in north California, and are about to work on a ranch a few miles south of Soledad, California. At the ranch, George and Lennie meet†¦show more content†¦Because of Crooks’ crooked spine and his skin color, Crooks is more stationary than most other men. This also means that on the ranch, Crooks is left alone because he is black and is lonely because he is looked down on and treated as being inferior to everyone else. Curley’s wife is ver y different from Crooks when it comes to physical attributes. â€Å"A girl was standing there looking in. She had full, rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers† (Steinbeck 31). Curley’s wife is white and because she is married to the boss’s son, she is treated with more respect than most of the working men. Because she is the only woman on the ranch, she cannot talk to and do anything with any other women. Since Curley’s wife is the only woman on the ranch, she becomes very lonely and ends up flirting with the other working men on the ranch, like Slim, Candy, and Lennie. Crooks and Curley’s wife are very different when it comes to physical attributes, because Crooks is treated as being inferior and Curley’s wife is treated with more respe ct than any worker. But, both Crooks and Curley’s wife’s physical appearance make them lonely. Crooks is lonely because he is a cripple and black, so people tend to keep

Eagle Valley Business Report

Question: Discuss about the Eagle Valley Business Report. Answer: Introduction Business sustainability is the application of knowledge, tools, skills and techniques into an organizations activities, products or services with an aim of achieving its objectives, goals, vision and mission (Patel and Rayner, 2012). A sustainable business one that has limited implications on the economy, environment and the surrounding community while an unsustainable business is one that has enormous negative implication to the economy, environment and the community(Macagno, 2013). Most businesses have the hope of becoming sustainable one day one time but the challenges that are involved are too many for them to bare. E.g. of challenges are: lack of enough finances, scarcity of resources, a lot of business regulations, inflation, economic status stress to name just but a few(Capra and Pauli, 1995). According to the information in the case study, Eagle Valley Limited seems to be facing some of these problems that face that involved with an unsustainable business. The business has a limited budget, makes small profit currently and operates from a very old premises that has never been renovated. All these characteristics shows that the company has not been in a good financial position for a while. In addition to that, its health bar production consumes a lot of water which is not available at the moment because of the increased cost. Therefore, these factors categorize Eagle Valley limited as an unsustainable business. However, the CEO of the business has made the decision give the business a chance to improve before its too late. He believes that better sustainability profile will not only improve the companys reputation but also solve the finance problem in the long run. Findings and Discussions The CEO of Eagle Valley Limited has realized that what the business needs is a corporate sustainability advice so that he can be able to improve his company. Generally, corporate sustainability can take advantage of a businesss sustainable profit chances with an aim of protecting the business against some problems like increased energy costs, cost of meeting regulatory policy requirements, volatile resource prices and perception of the consumers towards their products or services(Melewar, Gupta and Czinkota, 2013). However, Eagle Limited has a chance for improvement and can therefore use the following corporate strategies to improve itself: Business Collaboration This strategy involves the formation of partnership with other related or similar companies by coming together with a common objective (Gray, 2006). Eagle Limited has got a problem of resources like water, electricity and building. They claim is that the water and electricity bills have increased making it difficult to pay and the building in which operations are done is very old and probably does not have the modern required technology to produce their products. Furthermore, the business is operating on one building i.e. the offices and the factory in one building which makes it unconducive for production and management too. However, if Eagle Limited decides to form a network with a similar company, then they will be able to share facilities, resources, knowledge, equipment, machines among other things. By doing this, both businesses will be in a position to be more innovative and hence improvement. Business Sustainability Reporting This strategy deals with frequent and periodic business performance reporting to ensure that it is still in relation with the goals and objectives (Seow and Hillary, 2006). The CEO of Eagle Limited wants to better the financial position of the business and improve the companys profile which makes them objectives. Therefore, for him to achieve these objectives, he has to ensure that the performance of the business is updated and in line with this objectives. In addition, he has to ensure that these objective are in relation to the mission and vision of the company. This will help him focus on one direction and work towards achieving a certain thing. Mitigate and Adapt to Climate change Climate change impacts is a widely experienced problem especially to businesses like agri-food and tourism. However, Eagle Limited also experiences this challenge whereby when its winter there is a lot of cold and during summer there is a lot of heat. This is so because of the building material which is affected by both cold and heat. Therefore, the business has to either overcome the challenge or shift its location to a better building whose building material suits them better. Communicate Sustainability Goals Throughout the Business. According to the case study, the idea of sustainability comes from the CEO only and he intends to do it on his own. On the contrary, for a business to be sustainable there should be clear communication and good relationship between the employee and the decision makers. Therefore, for the CEO to achieve these objectives he has set, he should for help, ideas and views from his employees, besides they are the main workers and operators in the business. Production of Healthier Bars The consumers of its products have started watching their health issues therefore reducing their purchases. This has led to decrease in profits for Eagle Limited because its sales decline too. This means that the bars that they produce contain a lot of sugar or has many negative side effects to a persons health. Therefore, the business should change their production inputs into natural ones or healthier ones so that they can be able to produce bars that improve the health of the consumer. Conclusion and Recommendation Eagle Limited has a chance to improve itself but still has got a long way to go. First of all it has to focus on solving its internal problems and later solve that are caused by the environment. E.g. it seems that Eagles main problem is caused by lack of enough finances. Therefore if it concentrates on making its financial position better, then it will have solved most of the issues hindering from becoming sustainable. I would recommend Eagle to take heed of my findings and try to implement the strategies I have discussed. They will be of great help to them. References Capra, F. and Pauli, G. (1995).Steering business toward sustainability. Tokyo: United Nations University Press. Gray, R. (2006). Does sustainability reporting improve corporate behavior?: Wrong question? Right time?.Accounting and Business Research, 36(sup1), pp.65-88. Macagno, T. (2013). A Model for Managing Corporate Sustainability.Business and Society Review, 118(2), pp.223-252. Macagno, T. (2013). A Model for Managing Corporate Sustainability.Business and Society Review, 118(2), pp.223-252. Melewar, T., Gupta, S. and Czinkota, M. (2013). Global business management for sustainability and competitiveness: The role of corporate branding, corporate identity and corporate reputation.Journal of World Business, 48(3), pp.285-286. Patel, T. and Rayner, S. (2012). A Transactional Culture Analysis of Corporate Sustainability Reporting Practices: Six Examples from India.Business Society, 54(3), pp.283-321. Peddada, K. (2015). Globally Competitive Corporate Governance: Solutions For Indian Corporate Sustainability.jadbm, 1(2), pp.68-75. Seow, C. and Hillary, R. (2006).Managing business processes for corporate sustainability. Bradford, England: Emerald Group Pub. Special Issue on Managing business processes for corporate sustainability. (2002).Business Process Mgmt Journal, 8(5). Watson, M. (2011). Doing Well by Doing Good: Ray C. Anderson as Evangelist for Corporate Sustainability.Business Communication Quarterly, 74(1), pp.63-67.

Roman Catholicism and Abortion an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Roman Catholicism and Abortion Religion is an important part of the current abortion debate. The rise of an abortion rights mentality can be regarded, on one level, as an instance of the rapid pace of secularization. On another level, it is part of a much older and long-standing problematic. Some authors regard the rise of an abortion rights mentality as a continuation of the individualism of the Protestant Reformation and an extension of the antitraditionalism of the Enlightenment (Falik 17). Need essay sample on "Roman Catholicism and Abortion" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed While there is indeed a sizeable segment of strictly secular feminists, the importance of religion for contemporary feminism is a theme much in evidence not only in the four authors we shall be treating but in others as well (Midgely and Hughes 8-9). While some feminists may indeed show an antipathy toward religion, it is not the case that pro-choice feminism necessarily follows their lead (Tripp 50). To put it in another way: the abortion mentality is at home in atheism; it is out of place in Christianity. This opposition to the practice of human abortion comes about not because the Christian Church is misogynist, as some feminists such as Beverly Harrison will argue, but because the act of abortion does violence to both mother and child, creatures of a loving God in whose image both were made. While there is an undeniable link between the practice of abortion and the attitude of atheism, no such link exists between abortion and feminism. Here again we do well to remember: There are many feminisms. There are only two consistent attitudes to abortion: one is the extreme feminist one; the other is that held by Roman Catholics. The middle way, that abortion is all right sometimes, depending on the circumstances, and justified by situation ethics (i.e., it depends on situation), is morally and logically absurd (Kenny 2). In a recent anthology of feminist theology, Ann Loades declares that all Christianity owes a debt of gratitude to the Roman Catholic Church because of the way the Church puts the issues "out front." The Catholic Church's teaching on the immorality of procured abortion stands in direct opposition to much of contemporary feminist ideology which maintains, in the words of Stella Browne, that "abortion must be the key to a new world for women." During the tumultuous period of the 1960s when abortion as an absolute right was first proposed by some radical feminists, the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church on the immorality of directly procured abortion is clearly reiterated by the Second Vatican Council: "From the moment of its conception life must be guarded with the greatest care, while abortion and infanticide are unspeakable crimes." Thus, we ought not to find it surprising that the Church's teaching on abortion is not far from the minds of feminist theorists. Indeed, the Church's teaching is regarded as the major moral obstacle to the feminist desire for a right to an abortion. Each of the four feminist thinkers will in her own way attempt to grapple with Roman Catholic moral teaching as she seeks to overcome the chief barrier to "a new world for women" (Luker 45). Thus, abortion in the terms of Catholicism is not merely any sin; it is the mortal sin of murder, which removes all grace from the one who commits it and results (if not repented of prior to death) in an eternity in Hell. A secondary offense to the Catholic faith of the act of abortion is in its perceived role in undermining the family. For Catholic believers, the Church is the "family of God," consisting in the spiritual realm of God the Father, Jesus the Son and brother of believers, the Blessed Virgin Mother Mary, and a holy family of saints throughout time that intercede continually for those still on earth. For the faithful Catholic, this extended family in the spiritual realm is an ideal toward which flesh-and-blood families in the material realm should be striving at all times. The national legalization of abortion as a right occurred at a sensitive moment in Catholic history. While traditionalists maintained their unwavering respect for Marian doctrine, the teachings on birth control and abortion, and other factors reinforcing the abolitionist position, other long-standing traditions were falling by the wayside. Younger Catholics were beginning to find many of the old ways an uncomfortable fit in the modern world, and the modern world was beginning to intrude into Catholicism. Encouraged by the liberalizing reforms of Vatican II, young Catholics and those less connected to the traditions and conservatism of the Church found a variety of ways to explore the world beyond. Pope John XXIII's endorsement of ecumenism gave young Catholics an excuse to breach the walls of the Church and form friendships with non-Catholic Christians. Where before a young Catholic girl might be unlikely to associate (and, especially, date) outside the faith, ecumenism and the new "openness to the totality of Christian and human history" made it acceptable to explore other possibilities ( Bokenkotter, 1977: 366). As Marty observes: The Council [Vatican II] helped shatter the old image of Catholic unity. Gone was the Latin Mass, one old bond; gone also were many rules that commanded uniform participation. Now Catholics were free to eat meat on Friday; they were not necessarily expected to use the rosary as before for prayer, or to make pilgrimages or attend specified devotions. Priests and nuns often changed from religious garb to street clothes. For an American to be told that someone was a Roman Catholic did little to certify his or her membership in a group; there were fewer distinguishing badges than before (Marty 465). The evidence indicates that the changes in the Church caused some simply to leave. Vatican Il was immediately followed by a precipitous drop in seminary enrollments and in the number of practicing Catholic clergy and "a substantial decline in the proportion of Catholics attending mass during any given week" (Finke and Stark 261). As Bokenkotter says, "Having been taught to think of the Mass as a mysterious unchangeable set of ceremonies originating with Christ himself, the average Catholic was not intellectually, spiritually, or emotionally prepared for" the changes in procedure encouraged by Vatican Il (Bokenkotter 368). The Church, as Roe came down, was in a crisis of authority, leadership, and respect. The youth were leaving, the clergy were in rebellion, and few things seemed secure in the Catholic world. The aftermath of Vatican II "amounted to a major revolution or, as some have called it, a Copernican shift in consciousness. Thanks to the Second Vatican Council, Catholics have been forced to re-examine many of their most cherished practices and traditions. Such a process was bound to be disruptive, but the sheer magnitude of the crisis it provoked astonished everyone" (Bokenkotter 386). In the midst of this upheaval, traditional Catholics found comfort in the solidity of their Church's positions on contraception and abortion. Although many of the ritualistic expressions of Catholicism were relaxed in Vatican II and believers no longer felt pressured to participate in such traditions, the abortion abolition enterprise encouraged symbolic behavior. Prayer cards, novenas, Marian devotions, candle lighting, and the like were familiar and comfortable to Catholic abolitionists, and the enterprise offered an environment in which the most traditional Catholic behaviors were welcomed and nurtured. In the post--Vatican II world, the abortion abolition enterprise offered believers an arena in which they could practice their traditional devotions in a spiritually fulfilling effort with papal support against a hostile outside culture. Remaining strongly pro-life in the post--Vatican II atmosphere allowed believers at least one more of Marty's "distinguishing badges" of Catholici sm. While the Catholic Church was struggling to retain its membership and standing unapologetically behind its centuries-old tradition of opposing abortion, conservative Protestants, evangelicals, and Pentecostals were reveling in new membership and, to put it in pop theological terms, "majoring on the spiritual." While these citizens did vote, they did not tend to involve themselves in other aspects of politics, as it was a worldly concern. Instead, conservative evangelicals, Pentecostals, and charismatics continued to build their parallel culture, all but ignoring the nation around them. For the Catholic Church, a culturewide acceptance of abortion also represented a direct threat to her existence, in its potential both to destroy unborn life and to lure young Catholics into immoral behavior. The Vatican's positions on birth control and nonmarital sex make her especially vulnerable to what pro-choice activists would call a "need" for the availability of abortion. The association of abortion with what the Church calls artificial birth control and what the pro-choice movement calls family planning adds to its offensiveness to faithful Catholics. The position of the Church, consistently held through her history, is that "deliberately and directly interfering with the marital act in order to prevent conception or birth is a gravely evil action" (Stravinskas 139). In 1967, after a three-year period of study, the Pope rejected the recommendations of his commission on contraception and strengthened the Church's position against birth control. In addition, the Church finds abortion anathema in that it is often a murder compounding another sin. Whether it is the failed use of contraception or the uncontrolled use of nonmarital sex, for the Vatican there is no excuse to use abortion (an act of murder) to correct or to hide the circumstances of the pregnancy (though these circumstances are also mortal sins). The social acceptance of abortion as an escape mechanism, according to the Vatican, increases the incidence of immoral sexual behavior. As long as one can abort an unwanted fetus, there is no real need to exercise the self-control taught by the Bible and the Church in matters of personal sexual morality. The Pope states: "the negative values inherent in the 'contraceptive mentality'--which is very different from responsible parenthood, lived in respect for the full truth of the conjugal act--are such that they in fact strengthen this temptation when an unwanted life is conceived" (John Paul 11 23). These positions, however, effectively require that the Church minimize the availability of abortion if at all possible. Unless the Church is convincing in her case that abortion is murder, a Catholic woman may well see it as a way of preventing anyone from finding out that she has committed the sin of premarital sex or adultery. And, even in the case of married people, in reality, as Noonan recognized as early as 1965, many American Catholics practice birth control regardless of the teaching. Contraception badly practiced often leads to pregnancy, and once one has committed one serious sin, there would seem to be little left to argue against another that has the potential to "fix" the first. In order to prevent Catholics from having abortions, the Church must either convince her members that abortion is an especially serious sin with mortal consequences, or depend on the surrounding culture to carry the message-ideally, both. When the surrounding culture, by accepting the Roe decisio n without apparent objection, made it clear that it would no longer provide that assistance, the Vatican could not help but harden her position. Works Cited Bokenkotter Thomas. (1977). A Concise History of the Catholic Church. New York: Image Books, Doubleday. Falik, Marilyn. Ideology and Abortion Policy Politics New York: Praeger Scientific Studies, 1983. Finke Roger, and Rodney Stark. (1992). The Churching of America 1776-1990: Winners and Losers in Our Religious Economy. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. John Paul II, (1995). The Gospel of Life (Evangelium Vitae): The Encyclical Letter on Abortion, Euthanasia, and the Death Penalty in Today's World. New York: Times Books, a division of Random House. Kenny, Mary. Abortion: The Whole Story. London and New York: Quartet Books, 1986. Luker, Kristin. Taking Chances: Abortion and the Decision Not to Contracept. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975. Marty Martin E. (1984). Pilgrims in Their Own Land: 500 Years of Religion in America. New York: Penguin. Midgely, Mary and Hughes, Judith. Women's Choices: Philosophical Problems Facing Feminism. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Stravinskas Rev. Peter M. J., ed. (1991). Our Sunday Visitor's Catholic Encyclopedia. Huntington, IN: Our Sunday Visitor. Tripp, Maggie. Woman in the Year 2000. New York: Arbor House, 1974.